![]() The average value is 32.6 ppm/☌ which could be improved by trimming resistor ratios. Measurement results shows a temperature coefficient without trimming as low as 10.1 ppm/☌ over a temperature range of 70☌ because of the proposed curvature-compensation technique. The proposed BGR is realized in a TSMC 90 nm process. ![]() Related design considerations and challenges are discussed and analyzed. By taking advantages of the continuing development of CMOS technology, sub-µW power consumption is achieved with a reasonable core area. The curvature-compensation is achieved by utilizing the exponential behavior of sub-threshold CMOS transistors to compensate the BJT base-emitter voltage high-order temperature dependence. It has not only the lowest theoretical minimum current consumption among published current-mode BGRs, but also additional advantages of an inherent curvature-compensation function and not requiring NPN BJTs. A new current-mode bandgap reference circuit (BGR) which is capable of generating sub-1-V output voltage is presented.
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